Note 20. Provisions for pension and other non-current post-employment benefits

Sandvik provides direct pension solutions and otherwise participates in a number of defined-benefit, defined-contribution and other plans for long-term post-employment benefits to employees throughout the Group. The plans are structured in accordance with local regulations and practices. In recent years, Sandvik has sought to move from defined-benefit based plans to pension solutions that are defined-contribution plans and, to an ever increasing extent, the total pension expense comprises the costs for such plans. In principle, the plans cover all employees. The Group’s most significant defined-benefit pension plans are described below.

Sweden

The Swedish pension plan is funded through a foundation and is based on salary at the time of retirement and is partly closed for new participants, meaning that only new employees born prior to 1979 have the option of joining the plan. Employees born after 1979 are encompassed by a defined-contribution plan. There are no funding requirements for the defined-benefit plan. Pension payments to retirees are made directly from Sandvik.

The commitment for family pension, also a defined-benefit plan, is insured with Alecta. Sufficient information to use defined-benefit accounting for this plan was not available, which is why these commitments are recognized as a defined-contribution plan. At the end of 2018, Alecta reported a preliminary plan surplus of 142% (154).

The Group’s share of Alecta’s saving premiums is 0.4%, the total share of active members in Alecta is 0.7%. For 2019, the expected contribution to Alecta is 32 million SEK.

UK

The main pension plan in the UK is funded through a foundation, which is closed for new participants and the pension is based on salary at the time of retirement. The funding level is revalued every three years, and if this valuation indicates a requirement to increase the funding, the company pays money into the plan over a certain period of time. The plan is governed by Trustees who make investment decisions after having consulted with the company. As a part of the actuarial valuation, Sandvik and the Trustees have agreed to a plan to clear shortfall and meet the costs of the further build-up of benefits. Pension payments to retirees are made from the plan.

US

There are a number of pension plans in the US, including commitments for medical benefits. The largest pension plan covers 92% of the total commitment in the US. The pension is based on salary at the time of retirement and is closed for new participants. The funding level is revalued every year with a target of restoring the funding level over a seven-year period. Pension payments to retirees are primarily made from the plan. Those eligible for the pension plan are also eligible for the medical plan in retirement. The retiree medical plan offers a dollar amount for each service year based on the age at which someone retires.

Finland

In Finland, Sandvik sponsors a defined-benefit pension plan funded in a foundation. The benefits offered include an old-age pension and disability pension. In addition to the benefits guaranteed by the Finnish subsidiary, there is also a defined-contribution pension component. Pension payments to retirees are made from the plan.

Germany

In Germany, Sandvik has defined-benefit pension plans. A few years ago, Sandvik formed a foundation, a Contractual Trust Agreement (CTA), which covers the current employees in most of Sandvik’s German companies. The pension commitments for retirees and paid-up policyholders remain unfunded. The pension is based on salary at the time of retirement and other parameters. There are no funding requirements and employees in the plan are required to contribute a certain percentage of their salary to the plan. Pension payments to retirees are mainly made from the company.

Canada

There are a number of pension plans in Canada. The pension is based on average salary at the time of retirement and is closed for new participants for non-bargaining unit plans starting 2008. The funding level is revalued every year or up to every three years for the plans, and is based on the solvency ratio determined by actuaries. Pension payments to retirees are mainly made from the company. Employees who joined the company after 1 January 2008 are included in a defined-contribution plan.

An asset is recognized if the value of the plan assets for a certain plan exceeds the liability. Funded pension plans are recognized as an asset in the amount of 516 million SEK (695) in the item non-current receivables. Provisions for pensions include pension plans of 6,234 million SEK (5,630). The total net liability is 5,717 million SEK (4,935).

Risks and cash flows

Three main categories of risks are associated with the company’s defined-benefit pension plans. The first category is linked to future pension payments. Greater life expectancy, increased inflation assumptions and higher salaries can increase future pension payments and thus also the liability for the pension obligation. The second category refers to the assets in the foundations that are funded. Low returns may, in the future, lead to the assets being insufficient for covering future pension payments. The third and final category pertains to the measurement methods and accounting of defined-benefit pension plans, primarily regarding the discount rate utilized in the measurement of the present value of the pension obligations. This rate can fluctuate, leading to major changes in the recognized pension liability. The discount rate also affects the interest rate component of the pension liability and that is recognized in net financial items.

To determine the discount rate, AA credit rated corporate bonds are used that correspond to the duration of the pension obligation. If there is no deep market for corporate bonds, government bonds are instead used as the basis for determining the discount rate. Mortgage bonds are used in Sweden to determine the discount rate.

A sensitivity analysis of the most important assumptions affecting the recognized pension liability is provided below. Note that this sensitivity analysis is not intended to be the expression of an opinion by the company regarding the probability of such events occurring.

Sandvik estimates that approximately 656 million SEK will be paid into existing defined-benefit plans in 2019.

Plan assets

Plan assets amounted to 21,517 million SEK (21,404). Actual return on plan assets was –430 million SEK (2,081) in 2018. The consolidation ratio for funded plans is 86% (88). For all plans including unfunded plans, the consolidation ratio is 80% (82).

Class of assets

Assets without quoted prices amounted to approximately 9% (9) of the total plan assets of 21,517 million SEK.

The fair value of plan assets on 31 December 2018 included loans of 0 million SEK (0) to Sandvik companies and the value of properties leased to Sandvik of 219 million SEK (210).

Governance

The defined-benefit and defined-contribution plans are governed through Sandvik’s Pension Supervisory Board (PSB). PSB meets twice a year and has the following areas of responsibility:

• Implement policies and directives
• Ensure efficient administration of the major pension plans and efficient management of reserved plan assets
• Approve establishment of new plans, material changes or closure of existing plan
• Approve guidelines for management of assets

The Group Pension Committee (GPC) is another operating body, which is also preparatory to the PSB, that has representatives from countries with large defined-benefit plans and the relevant Group functions. The GPC’s task is to monitor developments in countries, submit proposals on changes to pension plans to the PSB and approve the principle of how actuarial assumptions are established. GPC meets twice a year.

Investment strategy

The aims of the investment decisions made in the foundations managing plan assets are as follows:

• Ensure that the plan assets are sufficient to cover the foundation’s future pension commitments
• Achieve optimal returns while taking into account a reasonable level of risk

Each foundation is to have a written investment policy approved by GPC. Reviews are performed annually. The foundation makes its own decisions on its investment strategy and takes into consideration the composition of the pension commitments, requirements of cash and cash equivalents and available investment opportunities. The investment strategy is to be long term and in line with the guidelines established by PSB. An investment committee is to be in place.

Parent Company

The Parent Company’s recognized pension provision was 376 million SEK (305). The Parent Company’s PRI pensions are secured through Sandvik’s own pension foundation, the Sandvik Pension Foundation in Sweden. Sandvik AB and most of its Swedish subsidiaries are members of the foundation. The total value of the assets held by the foundation was 2,574 million SEK (2,657), which was 442 million SEK lower than the capital value of the corresponding pension obligations for the entire foundation. The deficit was recognized as a liability in the companies. The Parent Company’s funded obligations mainly comprise ITP Plans.