P5 Research and development Index P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 P13 P14 P15 P16 P17 P18 P19 P20 P21 P22 P23 (XLSX:) Download 2021 2022 Expenditure for Research and development –1,496 –1,591 Quality assurance –36 –36 Total –1,532 –1,628 of which expensed, total –1,532 –1,628 of which expensed relating to research and development –1,496 –1,591